Effect of different concentrations of gellan gum with/without 0.50% basil essential oil on the physicochemical properties of gellan gum-rice bran oil coating emulsions and their application in egg preservation.

This work investigated the effects of different concentrations (0.10 %, 0.15 % or 0.20 %, w/v) of gellan gum (GG) with/without 0.50 % (v/v) basil essential oil (BEO) on physicochemical properties of gellan gum-rice bran oil (GG-RBO) emulsions. The results showed that GG-RBO emulsions with 0.15 % or 0.20 % GG were more stable than GG-RBO emulsion with 0.10 % GG (as evidenced by higher apparent viscosity and absolute zeta potential, but smaller average particle size and lower turbidity), thus displaying better coating performances (as evidenced by bigger contact angle but lower moisture content). The presence of BEO further improved their stability and coating performances. Coating with GG-BRO or GG-RBO-BEO emulsion with 0.15 % GG significantly delayed the increase in weight loss, and the decrease in haugh unit, yolk index and albumen pH of eggs during 42 days storage; moreover, GG-RBO-BEO emulsion caused lower total aerobic plate count. Therefore, GG-RBO, especially GG-RBO-BEO emulsion has potential in egg preservation.

Effects of manual washing with three alkaline sterilizing agent solutions on egg quality during storage.

This study aimed to investigate the abundance of microorganisms and quality of eggs washed with different washings (tap water, 0.03% calcium hypochlorite solution, 0.25% hydrogen peroxide solution, or 1% sodium percarbonate solution) and unwashed for 28-day storage. The results showed that the washing significantly decreased the abundance of microorganisms in all cases. Washing with one of the three alkaline sterilizing agent solutions significantly inhibited the deterioration of egg quality (evidenced by lower weight loss, air cell depth, albumen pH, yolk pH, and total volatile base nitrogen, but higher Haugh unit and yolk index) during storage, while washing with tap water showed opposite effects. The texture profile analysis and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy observation showed that all washings had slight negative effects on eggshell quality (eggshell breaking strength and microstructure), and washing with the alkaline sterilizing agent solution had no additional effects. The results might be attractive to egg preservation industry.

Individual effects of rosemary extract and green tea polyphenols on the physicochemical properties of soybean oil-myosin emulsion with l-arginine or l-lysine.

This study aimed to investigate the individual effects of rosemary extract and green tea polyphenols on the stability of the soybean oil-myosin emulsions with l-arginine or l-lysine. The results showed that l-arginine or l-lysine increased the physical stability of emulsion in all cases. In the presence of metallic cations, rosemary extract increased the physical stability, while green tea polyphenols decreased the physical stability. l-Arginine or l-lysine retarded the lipid and protein oxidation of emulsion in the absence of metallic cations during storage, but accelerated it in the presence of metallic cations. The two antioxidants delayed l-arginine- or l-lysine-induced lipid and protein oxidation in the presence of metallic cations. The results provide a new method for improving the physical and chemical stability of emulsion sausages in which l-arginine or l-lysine is applied to improve the quality attributes of emulsion sausage.

Study on Recognition of Cooking Oil Fume by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Based on Artificial Neural Network.

With the developing of catering trade, cooking oil fume has became one of the three major air pollution sources in some cities. In recent years, a lot of research on the cooking oil fume have been done for its high threaten to human health. The cooking oil fume contains a large amount of unsaturated hydrocarbons produced by pyrolysis of edible oil, which are harmful to human health. The characteristics of the composition and content of edible oil fumes produced by pyrolysis of different edible oil are different. For classification and identification of edible oil, two kinds of classification and identification mathematical model are constructed. The spectrum data of different edible oil fume are collected by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer which is independent research and development. At the same time, different classification algorithms of the principal component analysis (PCA) combining probabilistic neural network (PNN) and the error back propagation artificial neural network (BPANN) are constructed respectively. Two kinds of classification algorithms are used to analyze the Fourier transform infrared spectrum data of different cooking fume gas. The mathematical models are trained by the sample data, and the trained mathematical model are used to analyze the unknown spectral data to determine the type of edible oil. The experimental results show that the two algorithms can classify and identify different types of oil fume. In the whole band recognition, the recognition rate is 90.25% and 97% respectively. By analyzed spectral data of flue gas absorption band, spectrums of atmospheric window and the strong absorption feature bands of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (from 1 300 to 700 cm-1 and from 3 000 to 2 600 cm-1) were extracted. The absorbance data are divided into two parts with separated absorption band, and the two algorithms in 3 000～2 600 cm-1 band have better recognition rate. PCA-PNN algorithm recognition rate is 90.25% and PCA-BPANN algorithm recognition rate is 92.25%. Obviously, two kinds of artificial neural network algorithm combining principle component analysis respectively can effectively identify the types of edible oil fume.

Identification of novel loci for salt stress at the seed germination stage in soybean.

Salt tolerance in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] at the seed germination stage is a critical determinant of stable stand establishment in saline soil. This study examined one population of 184 recombinant inbred lines (RILs, F7:11) derived from a cross between Kefeng1 and Nannong1138-2 and one natural population consisting of 196 soybean landraces. A total of 11 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and 22 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci associated with three salt tolerance indices were detected by linkage and association mapping. The SSR marker Sat_162 was found to be closely linked to the co-localized QTLs at a site 792,811 bp from the gene Glyma08g12400.1, which was verified in response to salt stress at the germination stage. Five SSR markers, Satt201, BE475343, CSSR306, Satt664 and Satt567, were co-associated with two of the salt tolerance indices, and two SSR markers, Satt156 and Satt636, were co-associated with all three salt tolerance indices. Furthermore, elite alleles and their carrier materials were identified by analyzing alleles at the loci associated with these salt tolerance indices. These results may be beneficial for the future breeding of soybean salt tolerance at the germination stage using marker-assisted selection and molecular pyramiding breeding.

Identification of Two bZIP Transcription Factors Interacting with the Promoter of Soybean Rubisco Activase Gene (GmRCAα).

Rubisco activase (RCA), a key photosynthetic protein, catalyses the activation of Rubisco and thus plays an important role in photosynthesis. Although the RCA gene has been characterized in a variety of species, the molecular mechanism regulating its transcription remains unclear. Our previous studies on RCA gene expression in soybean suggested that expression of this gene is regulated by trans-acting factors. In the present study, we verified activity of the GmRCAα promoter in both soybean and Arabidopsis and used a yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) system for screening a leaf cDNA expression library to identify transcription factors (TFs) interacting with the GmRCAα promoter. Four basic leucine zipper (bZIP) TFs, GmbZIP04g, GmbZIP07g, GmbZIP1, and GmbZIP71, were isolated, and GmbZIP04g and GmbZIP07g were confirmed as able to bind to a 21-nt G-box-containing sequence. Additionally, the expression patterns of GmbZIP04g, GmbZIp07g, and GmRCAα were analyzed in response to abiotic stresses and during a 24-h period. Our study will help to advance elucidation of the network regulating GmRCAα transcription.